CRIMINAL LAW

Initiating Legal Proceedings Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, rewrites the initiation of proceedings in India in place of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. Sections 190 to 199 provide that proceedings start with a complaint, FIR, or magistrate’s cognizance, with a focus on accessibility and efficiency. The BNSS allows for electronic filing of complaint and evidence, bringing access to justice into the digital age. Magistrates may issue summons or warrants on the basis of preliminary inquiries, with victim participation provisions. These reforms seek to minimize delays, increase transparency, and keep pace with digital progress, guaranteeing a responsive criminal justice system.