Signed in 1960, the Indus Waters Treaty has long underwritten river sharing between India and Pakistan. It permits limited Indian use on western rivers under tight restrictions and distributes control of three eastern rivers to India and three western rivers to Pakistan. India’s recent suspension of the treaty citing security issues following a militant attack has sparked worries about water shortage, disturbance of agriculture, and higher tensions. The main terms of the treaty, its dispute-resolution procedures, the justification and legitimacy of its suspension, and possible effects on both countries are investigated in this paper. It also looks at ideas from other international water treaties and offers directions for long-lasting cooperation.